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การวิเคราะห์ด้าน DNA

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การวิเคราะห์ด้าน DNA

What are genetically modified (GM) organisms and GM foods?

Answer by “WHO”:

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. The technology is often called “modern biotechnology” or “gene technology”, sometimes also “recombinant DNA technology” or “genetic engineering”. It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between non-related species. Such methods are used to create GM plants – which are then used to grow GM food crops

The definition by European law:

‘Genetically modified' means changing of the genome in a way that would not have been achieved naturally, nor by crossing or recombination. According to that definition a crossing process where pollen from one species is transferred to another related species with the aim of getting a new cultivar is a natural way of gene recombination. But if genes are transferred, for example, by the help of vectors into other plants, this is not a natural process and so called genetically modified. Also procedures of cell fusion are called genetic modification. In contrast to that, plants that contain induced mutations, for instance, by chemical agents are not called ‘genetically modified.'

Reference: www.who.int/en/
www.food-info.net

Why test for GMOs in Food and Feed Sample?

The presence of GMOs in commodities, food or animal feed is now regulated in 36 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific region and Europe. GMOs testing are required to ensure that seed consignments meet market and legal requirements

PCR & Real-time PCR ?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

PCR is a very quick, sensitive and specific technique that offers many advantages over traditional culture methods for GMOs analysis and the detection of microorganisms. It can be used to screen a large number of samples for the presence of DNA. PCR is faster and more sensitive than conventional methods. Small amounts of DNA are amplified into quanti anti style1ties large enough for easy detection.

Real-time PCR

In molecular biology, real-time polymerase chain reaction, also called quanti anti style1tative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR/qPCR) or kinetic polymerase chain reaction, is a laboratory technique based on the polymerase chain reaction, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quanti anti style1fy a targeted DNA molecule. It enables both detection and quanti anti style1fication (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of a specific sequence in a DNA sample.

Reference: www.wikipedia.org

The Process of GMO Detection by PCR or Real-time PCR Technique

* The method is depending on customer demand and sample type. In several samples (different type of food matrix) is detected by different method. We need to consider the regulation of importer country and follow ISO standard method.

การวิเคราะห์ DNA

GMO Detection (Screening method*)
No.	List of Analysis	Product	Reference method
1	GMO Screening	Raw material and Processed food	PCR (In-house method)
	(CaMV35S and NOS)		(Base on MHLW and ISO method)
2	GM Potato Screening	Potato and Processed food	PCR
	(CryIIIA)		(MHLW)
*Screening method -A screening method is a method to detect genetic elements common to several GMOs (such as promoters, terminators, or other genetic elements interest).

GMO Detection (Identify GM specific gene)
No.	List of Analysis	Product	Reference method
1	Bt63	Rice and Processed food	PCR and Real-time PCR
			(MHLW)
2	CBH351	Corn and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
3	New Leaf	Potato and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
4	New Leaf Plus	Potato and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
5	New Leaf Y	Potato and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
6	Line 55-1	Papaya and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW

Food Allergen Detection
No.	List of Analysis	Product	Reference method
1	Peanut	Food and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
2	Wheat	Food and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)
3	Buckwheat	Food and Processed food	PCR
			(MHLW)